Convert company parking spaces or shopping centers to solar carports - Image: Xpert.Digital / PATSUDA PARAMEE|Shutterstock.com
Solar carports as the key component in e-mobility?
Now everything should happen very quickly: the turnaround in mobility. The way we move. For decades it was said that oil reserves were becoming scarce and would not last much longer. There was always talk of 40, 50 to 100 years. Nevertheless, not much happened here in terms of traffic policy, because there was apparently still plenty of fuel coming from the pump at the gas station. It is all the more astonishing that this argument is no longer brought up. Actually, it was always clear to us that our current form of transportation with combustion engines needed an alternative. That we can no longer continue like this in the long term, regardless of the environmental impact of our beloved gasoline and diesel vehicles. Electromobility is still in its infancy. She still has many flaws. But it also cannot rely on decades of development like with combustion engines, where improvements and optimizations have constantly gone hand in hand, from exhaust gases to consumption. Apart from Dieselgate, the diesel and emissions scandal.
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A legitimate criticism is the current insufficient range of electric vehicles. Added to this is the high purchase price, which has a double effect. This also explains why there are more company vehicles with electric drives than e-mobile private individuals. Tax and depreciation advantages and incentives speak for the former.
When it comes to plug-in hybrid vehicles, i.e. the combination of electric motor and combustion engine, it is clear that the e-mobile variant is hardly ever used. The reason for this was found to be the inadequate expansion of charging options and the long charging time. Defective charging stations and non-functioning charging cards were also listed.
Nevertheless, the discussion as to whether combustion engines can provide a better environmental certificate than electric cars, from their creation through to disposal, is pointless. Oil reserves are still not unlimited and the development and optimization potential for electric cars is still in its early stages. There are already better and more powerful batteries for longer ranges, and work is being done on greater efficiency and environmental friendliness. The same applies to electricity storage.
All of these points fall under the aspect of development and improvement. What is now much more important is that this progress is not delayed or even prevented by missing components.
This is where solar carports play a key role in open parking spaces and storage areas. In the next few years, our parking and charging behavior will change fundamentally. Away from central refueling options towards decentralized charging points and charging stations. Traffic will also change. To ensure that e-mobility does not get stuck in a dead end when it comes to emission-free energy provision due to the growing and enormous amounts of energy, solar carports should account for a significant portion of the energy generation for e-mobility.
That's how the whole thing makes sense, better late than never. It is no longer out of sight, out of mind that fuel and conventional electricity do not simply come out of the tap or socket, but rather there are many aspects and intolerances for the environment and nature. There are always pros and cons for one and the other. Only the previous path has clearly and noticeably reached a dead end. Electromobility has potential and there is a lot to be done to improve it, no question.
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We now have the chance to use solar energy, an inexhaustible energy source that is comparatively the most environmentally friendly. We just have to work on the components. And: Each of us can expand our own autonomous energy supply, something that was previously not possible or affordable.
Shares in global oil reserves
Shares in global oil reserves – Image: Xpert.Digital
The statistics show the shares of petroleum reserves by country worldwide in 2020. According to the source, proven petroleum reserves generally include quantities that, according to geological and engineering information, are most likely to be produced in the future from deposits known today and under current economic and technical conditions can be.
The United Arab Emirates' share of global oil reserves this year was around 5.6 percent. In 2020, Venezuela had the world's largest oil reserves with almost 304 billion barrels. Saudi Arabia followed in second place with about 298 billion barrels of oil. Proven petroleum reserves include those quantities that can be extracted from currently known reserves and under current economic and technical conditions.
Petroleum reserves in detail
Most recently, global oil reserves were estimated to be around 244.4 billion tons. Despite Venezuela's large oil reserves, around half of the world's reserves are found in the Middle East. South and Central America as a region, on the other hand, has almost a fifth of the world's oil reserves.
Petroleum as a raw material
Despite the Paris climate goals, which aim to limit the global average temperature to a maximum of 2° Celsius compared to pre-industrial times, oil consumption has increased worldwide in recent years. The USA is the country with the highest share of global oil consumption. In the United States, around a fifth of the petroleum used annually was recently consumed. Petroleum therefore remains the most important fossil energy source alongside natural gas and coal.
Renewable energies - electricity generation in Germany by energy source
Renewable energies – electricity generation in Germany by energy source – Image: Xpert.Digital
Gross electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany by energy source in a year-on-year comparison in 2010 and 2020: In 2010, 11.7 billion kilowatt hours of gross electricity were generated from photovoltaic systems in Germany; in 2020 it was around 50.4 billion kilowatt hours. The photovoltaic energy source increased its output by around 300 percent within the specified period of time. New photovoltaic systems were installed particularly in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Thereafter, the annually installed output tended to decrease.
Performance of the wind turbines
Onshore wind energy also increased its electricity generation significantly. This can be attributed to the increase in installed capacity, particularly in the years 2014 to 2017. However, in the last two years, expansion fell significantly. The market for offshore wind turbines has also been subject to significant fluctuations recently.
Performance of renewable energy systems worldwide
Worldwide, the installed capacity of renewable energy systems is increasing every year. Most recently, most of the power was installed in Asia. Europe recorded almost half as much installed capacity as Asia. Among renewable energy systems, hydropower was the energy source with the most installed capacity worldwide.
Gross electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany by energy source in 2010
- Onshore wind power: 38.80 terawatt hours
- Photovoltaics: 11.70 terawatt hours
- Biomass: 29.10 terawatt hours
- Offshore wind power: 0.20 terawatt hours
- Hydropower*: 21 terawatt hours
- Household waste**: 4.70 terawatt hours
- Geothermal energy: 0.03 terawatt hours
Gross electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany by energy source in 2020
- Onshore wind power: 105.30 terawatt hours
- Photovoltaics: 50.40 terawatt hours
- Biomass: 44.10 terawatt hours
- Offshore wind power: 27.50 terawatt hours
- Hydropower*: 18.50 terawatt hours
- Household waste**: 5.70 terawatt hours
- Geothermal energy: 0.20 terawatt hours
* Generation in run-of-river and storage hydroelectric power plants as well as generation from natural inflow in pumped storage power plants.
** Only produced from the biogenic portion of household waste (approx. 50 percent).
2021: Amount of subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles in Germany
Amount of the environmental bonus for the purchase of electric vehicles – Image: Xpert.Digital
Purchase bonus for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids
The purchase or leasing of various types of electric cars can be subsidized in Germany through the so-called environmental bonus. The purchase (purchase or leasing) of an electric vehicle that is registered for the first time and does not exceed a net list price of the basic model of 65,000 euros is eligible for funding. Pure battery electric vehicles are funded with up to 9,000 euros and hybrid electric vehicles with up to 5,625 euros. Two-thirds of the premium is borne by the federal government and one-third by the automobile manufacturer. This increased subsidy (previously: pure battery electric vehicles 4,000 euros, hybrid electric vehicles 3,000 euros) was decided as part of the economic stimulus program to combat the effects of Corona.
Photovoltaics - country ranking according to installed capacity
Photovoltaics – country ranking according to installed capacity – Image: Xpert.Digital
In 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in China reached around 253 gigawatts - this corresponds to a share of almost 33 percent of the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems worldwide. China was by far the country with the most installed photovoltaic capacity. This was followed by the USA, Japan and Germany.
Photovoltaics
Energy generation through photovoltaic systems means that light energy is converted into electrical energy using solar cells. The cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic systems increased significantly not only in Germany, but also worldwide the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic systems increased significantly in the last ten years. China, Vietnam and the USA were recently the most important countries in the world in terms of newly installed photovoltaic capacity. Germany followed Japan in fifth place.
Renewable energy
In contrast to fossil energy sources such as petroleum and coal, renewable energy sources are renewable. The share of renewable energies in electricity generation in Germany has increased in recent years - in 2020, around 45 percent of the electricity generated was generated from renewable energies. A fifth of electricity generation from renewable energies comes from photovoltaics as an energy source.
Most important countries worldwide by installed photovoltaic capacity in 2020
- China: 253.4 gigawatts
- USA: 95.5 gigawatts
- Japan: 71.4 gigawatts
- Germany: 53.9 gigawatts
- India: 47.4 gigawatts
- Italy: 21.7 gigawatts
- Australia: 20.4 gigawatts
- Vietnam: 16.4 gigawatts
- South Korea: 15.9 gigawatts
- United Kingdom: 13.9 gigawatts
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Photovoltaics - installed capacity by federal state
Installed output of photovoltaic systems in Germany by federal state - Image: Xpert.Digital
In Bavaria, the nominal output of photovoltaic systems is around 12.5 gigawatt peak. This makes Bavaria by far the federal state with the most installed capacity in 2018. This is followed by the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia. The city states of Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin have the lowest nominal output of photovoltaic systems compared to federal states.
Photovoltaic systems
Energy is generated by photovoltaic systems by solar cells converting light energy into electrical energy. In Germany, the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems is continuously increasing. This also corresponds to global development: of the approximately 402 gigawatts of total installed capacity, over a quarter is in China. This is followed by the USA, Japan and Germany, which have significantly less installed photovoltaic capacity.
Renewable energy sources
In contrast to fossil energy sources such as coal and petroleum, renewable energies are renewable. In addition, their use reduces CO2 emissions, among other things. Hydropower is the renewable energy source that generates the most electricity worldwide. In Germany, electricity generation from wind is particularly relevant. In this country, the share of wind energy in total electricity generation is around 18 percent.
Installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in Germany by federal state in 2018
- Bavaria: 12,545 megawatt peak
- Baden-Württemberg: 5,819 megawatt peak
- North Rhine-Westphalia: 4,917 megawatt peak
- Lower Saxony: 3,930 megawatt peak
- Brandenburg: 3,703 megawatt peak
- Saxony-Anhalt: 2,503 megawatt peak
- Rhineland-Palatinate: 2,196 megawatt peak
- Hesse: 2,054 megawatt peak
- Saxony: 1,892 megawatt peak
- Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 1,878 megawatt peak
- Schleswig-Holstein: 1,667 megawatt peak
- Thuringia: 1,464 megawatt peak
- Saarland: 465 megawatt peak
- Berlin: 106 megawatt peak
- Hamburg: 45 megawatt peak
- Bremen: 44 megawatt peak
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Konrad Wolfenstein
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Xpert.Digital – Konrad Wolfenstein
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