Looking for parking lot solar: Planning a solar car park or building a system in Dormagen, Grevenbroich, Herten or Bergheim?

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Photovoltaic Library (PDF) – Image: Xpert.Digital / Benvenuto Cellini|Shutterstock.com

Large PDF library: Market monitoring and market intelligence on the topic of photovoltaics.

Data is reviewed and its relevance assessed at regular intervals. This usually yields a number of interesting pieces of information and documentation, which we summarize in a PDF presentation: our own data analyses and marketing intelligence, as well as external market observations.

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• Overview of Photovoltaics/Solar Library & Interesting Facts as PDFs for download

Per capita electricity consumption in Germany – Image: Xpert.Digital

Per capita electricity consumption in Germany in 2018 was approximately 7.2 megawatt hours. In 1995, the figure was 6.7 megawatt hours. A total of 599 terawatt hours of electricity was consumed nationwide in Germany in 2018.

Electricity consumption of private households

Industry accounts for almost half of the electricity consumed in Germany. Roughly a quarter each is split between the consumer groups "business, trade, and services" and "households." Electricity prices for residential customers in Germany have been rising steadily since 2007. Among the EU-28 countries, Germany has the highest electricity prices for households, followed by Denmark and Belgium. Bulgaria and the Netherlands, on the other hand, have the lowest household electricity prices.

Global electricity consumption

Global electricity consumption has been rising for almost 40 years. China consumes the most electricity, followed by the USA and India. Germany ranks seventh among the countries with the highest electricity consumption worldwide. China also has the highest share of global renewable energy consumption. Germany ranks third, after the USA.

Per capita electricity consumption in Germany from 1995 to 2018 (in kilowatt hours)

• 1995 – 6,661 kilowatt hours
• 1996 – 6,719 kilowatt hours
• 1997 – 6,747 kilowatt hours
• 1998 – 6,834 kilowatt hours
• 1999 – 6,845 kilowatt hours
• 2000 – 7,116 kilowatt hours
• 2001 – 7,178 kilowatt hours
• 2002 – 7,200 kilowatt hours
• 2003 – 7,372 kilowatt hours
• 2004 – 7,498 kilowatt hours
• 2005 – 7,558 kilowatt hours
• 2006 – 7,644 kilowatt hours
• 2007 – 7,683 kilowatt hours
• 2008 – 7,665 kilowatt hours
• 2009 – 7,233 kilowatt hours
• 2010 – 7,670 kilowatt hours
• 2011 – 7,552 kilowatt hours
• 2012 – 7,533 kilowatt hours
• 2013 – 7,491 kilowatt hours
• 2014 – 7,293 kilowatt hours
• 2015 – 7,257 kilowatt hours
• 2016 – 7,234 kilowatt hours
• 2017 – 7,231 kilowatt hours
• 2018 – 7,176 kilowatt hours

Gross electricity consumption in Germany – Image: Xpert.Digital

Gross electricity consumption in Germany in 2020 was around 545 terawatt hours. This means that consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic was below the level of 1990. Gross electricity consumption refers to the electrical energy used by consumers before deducting the power plants' own energy consumption and transmission and grid losses.

Global electricity consumption

Global electricity consumption is steadily increasing. While it was 7,300 terawatt-hours in 1980, global consumption is now roughly three times higher. The industrial sector accounts for the largest share, followed by private households, businesses, and the public sector. Transportation represents a relatively small share of global electricity consumption.

Electricity supply in Germany

The number of companies in the electricity supply sector in Germany has been increasing since 1980. At the same time, however, the number of people employed in the electricity supply industry in the country has been steadily declining. Furthermore, the difference between electricity imports and exports to and from Germany has been widening over the years. Today, significantly more electricity is exported than imported into Germany.

Gross electricity consumption in Germany from 1990 to 2020 (in terawatt hours)

• 1990 – 550.7 terawatt hours
• 1995 – 536.2 terawatt hours
• 2000 – 575.1 terawatt hours
• 2001 – 580.6 terawatt hours
• 2002 – 582.6 terawatt hours
• 2003 – 596.2 terawatt hours
• 2004 – 604.5 terawatt hours
• 2005 – 607.3 terawatt hours
• 2006 – 613 terawatt hours
• 2007 – 614.6 terawatt hours
• 2008 – 612.2 terawatt hours
• 2009 – 575.7 terawatt hours
• 2010 – 608.8 terawatt hours
• 2011 – 600.2 terawatt hours
• 2012 – 599.7 terawatt hours
• 2013 – 597.7 terawatt hours
• 2014 – 584.3 terawatt hours
• 2015 – 588.3 terawatt hours
• 2016 – 589.3 terawatt hours
• 2017 – 590.5 terawatt hours
• 2018 – 583.4 terawatt hours
• 2019 – 567.6 terawatt hours
• 2020 – 544.9 terawatt hours

Households – Electricity prices in EU countries – Image: Xpert.Digital

The statistic shows the electricity prices for household customers in the EU-27 countries in 2020. The electricity price for private households in Denmark in 2020 was approximately 28.26 cents per kilowatt hour for an annual consumption of 2,500 to 5,000 kilowatt hours.

Electricity prices* for households in the EU-27 countries in 2020 (in euro cents per kilowatt hour)

As of May 2021. Including all taxes. The figures are annual averages.

Annual consumption 1,000 kWh < 2,500 kWh

• Germany – 33.87 cents
• Denmark – 30.80 cents
• Ireland – 30.22 cents
• Belgium – 29.68 cents
• Spain – 28.64 cents
• Austria – 25.39 cents
• Italy – 24.69 cents
• Finland – 24.05 cents
• Czech Republic – 23.74 cents
• Luxembourg – 23.57 cents
• Portugal – 23.53 cents
• France – 22.84 cents
• Sweden – 20.77 cents
• Cyprus – 20.42 cents
• Slovakia – 19.29 cents
• Slovenia – 18.71 cents
• Latvia – 18.14 cents
• Greece – 17.02 cents
• Poland – 16.08 cents
• Malta – 14.75 cents
• Romania – 14.60 cents
• Estonia – 14 cents
• Croatia – 13.98 cents
• Lithuania – 13.97 cents
• Hungary – 11.29 cents
• Bulgaria – 10.19 cents
• Netherlands – 5.45 cents

Annual consumption 2,500 kWh < 5,000 kWh

• Germany – 30.25 cents
• Denmark – 28.26 cents
• Ireland – 25.15 cents
• Belgium – 27.47 cents
• Spain – 22.69 cents
• Austria – 21.39 cents
• Italy – 21.90 cents
• Finland – 17.57 cents
• Czech Republic – 18.18 cents
• Luxembourg – 19.86 cents
• Portugal – 21.27 cents
• France – 19.26 cents
• Sweden – 17.72 cents
• Cyprus – 19.16 cents
• Slovakia – 17.05 cents
• Slovenia – 15.71 cents
• Latvia – 14.26 cents
• Greece – 16.58 cents
• Poland – 14.93 cents
• Malta – 12.91 cents
• Romania – 14.54 cents
• Estonia – 12.64 cents
• Croatia – 13.04 cents
• Lithuania – 13.74 cents
• Hungary – 10.20 cents
• Bulgaria – 9.90 cents
• Netherlands – 13.94 cents

Electricity – German exports to countries – Image: Xpert.Digital

The statistic shows German electricity exports by country in 2020. In 2020, the physical electricity flow from Germany to the Polish grid amounted to approximately 11.3 billion kilowatt hours.

German electricity exports by country in 2020* (in terawatt hours)

• Austria – 15.20 terawatt hours
• Switzerland – 12.18 terawatt hours
• Poland – 11.32 terawatt hours
• Czech Republic – 9.27 terawatt hours
• Netherlands – 9.13 terawatt hours
• Luxembourg – 5.08 terawatt hours
• Denmark – 3.45 terawatt hours
• France – 2.94 terawatt hours
• Sweden – 0.58 terawatt hours

Heating with renewable energy? With photovoltaics? – Image: Xpert.Digital & Studio Harmony|Shutterstock.com

Over two-thirds of residential buildings constructed in 2020 are heated with renewable energy – Just over two-thirds (68.8%) of newly constructed residential buildings in Germany in 2020 are heated entirely or partially with renewable energy. As reported by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), this share increased slightly again compared to 2019 (67.2%). In 2015, it was 61.5%. For the first time in 2020, renewable energy was used as the primary energy source, i.e., the energy source predominantly used for heating, in more than half (50.5%) of the total 112,935 new residential buildings (2015: 38.0%).

Renewable energy sources for heating include heat pumps (geothermal or ambient heat), solar thermal energy, wood, biogas/biomethane, and other biomass. Conventional energy sources include oil, gas, and electricity. District heating represents another energy source that is not classified as either renewable or conventional in the statistics.

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• Heating with renewable energy

EU: Waste incineration is renewable energy – Image: @shutterstock | DeawS – atabik yusuf djufni

Non-renewable energy can only be used once. It is a limited resource and not available indefinitely. This includes nuclear power. Nuclear power plants require enriched uranium, which must first be produced industrially. Depleted uranium is produced as a waste product. What happens to this waste, as well as to the fission products generated during nuclear fission—that is, highly toxic radioactive waste—is another matter. In contrast, fossil fuels cause environmental pollution and global warming through the release of greenhouse gases.

Up to this point, everything is logically comprehensible: Renewable energy is available in unlimited quantities and does not harm the environment.

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• Waste incineration is renewable energy

Which is the most popular electric car worldwide? – Image: TierneyMJ|Shutterstock.com

Electric cars are becoming increasingly popular among German drivers. While gasoline and diesel vehicles still lead in absolute numbers, registrations for both types of engines have declined noticeably this year, as this graphic shows. One reason for this trend is likely the purchase incentives currently offered by the federal government and manufacturers. According to a forecast, the share of combustion engines in total automotive engine production is expected to decrease significantly by 2030. By that year, only five percent of cars produced are projected to have a diesel engine, and 47 percent a gasoline engine.

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• The most popular electric car worldwide

Demand for electric cars is rising, production is increasing – Image: Alexander Limbach|Shutterstock.com

Roughly one in five cars that rolled off the assembly line in Germany last March was an electric vehicle. As the graphic, based on data from the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA), shows, the share of electric cars in total production volume has recently increased significantly. Back in March 2019, it was just 3.3 percent, with around 15,000 electric cars produced. The graphic also shows that overall car production in Germany has recovered considerably after the slump in 2020. However, in March 2021, it was still around 16 percent below the total production volume of March 2019.

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• Demand for electric cars