New law in Germany from February 1, 2025: 33 questions and answers about the ZEREZ requirement for photovoltaic systems

From February 1, 2025, a far-reaching legal innovation will come into force that affects operators of photovoltaic systems: the so-called ZEREZ obligation. This step is a key milestone for the standardization and digitalization of the grid connection process in Germany. Below you will find out everything you need to know about the ZEREZ obligation, how it works and what this means for private and commercial system operators.

What is ZEREZ?

ZEREZ stands for “Central Register of Unit and Component Certificates”. This central database system was created to efficiently and transparently record certificates for the components of power generation systems, such as photovoltaic systems and battery storage. ZEREZ serves as a digital registry in which all relevant unit certificates that play a central role in the security and reliability of the power grid must be stored.

The central recording is intended to ensure that all components of a system meet the prescribed technical standards. In addition, ZEREZ facilitates communication between network operators, manufacturers and system operators.

For once, the ZEREZ requirement is not another bureaucratic hurdle, but rather a sensible step towards standardizing and accelerating the grid connection process for renewable energy systems. Although the introduction of ZEREZ initially requires a certain amount of effort, the benefits of a more efficient, standardized grid connection process outweigh the long-term benefits. So it is not a case of “authority madness”, but rather a necessary modernization and simplification to support the expansion of renewable energies, which contributes significantly to reducing bureaucracy. Previously, system operators had to submit extensive documentation and certificates for their components when connecting to the grid. This was often a time-consuming and bureaucratic process. With the introduction of ZEREZ this changes fundamentally. In the future, the ZEREZ registration number (ZEREZ-ID) will be sufficient.

The ZEREZ obligation marks an important step towards the digitalization and standardization of the German electricity grid. For operators of photovoltaic systems, especially in the private sector, it is crucial to familiarize themselves with the new requirements at an early stage. Careful planning and coordination with installers and manufacturers can help avoid delays in connecting to the grid.

ZEREZ not only improves grid security, but also paves the way for a more efficient and sustainable energy supply. System operators should see the introduction of the ZEREZ requirement as an opportunity to optimize the processes surrounding their photovoltaic system and make a contribution to the energy transition.

New obligations for operators of photovoltaic systems

When the ZEREZ obligation comes into force, operators of photovoltaic systems are obliged to deposit all relevant unit and component certificates for their system in the central register. This obligation applies to both existing and newly installed systems. The following specific requirements must be observed:

• Transmission of the ZEREZ registration number: Operators must transmit the corresponding ZEREZ number of their components to their network operator.
• Requirement for grid connection: Systems may not be connected to the grid without the correct ZEREZ registration.
• Inverter registration: Particularly for private PV systems in the low-voltage network, it is important to ensure that the inverter is properly registered.

Failure to comply with these requirements may result in the network connection being refused. Operators should therefore ensure at an early stage that all relevant steps are followed.

Goals of the ZEREZ obligation

The introduction of the ZEREZ register pursues several key objectives:

• Standardization and simplification: The grid connection process is standardized and accelerated by digitizing the certificates.
• Transparency and security: Network operators can check asset compliance more quickly and easily, improving network security.
• Efficient error prevention: Central recording helps to identify faulty or inadequately certified components at an early stage.

ZEREZ thus makes a significant contribution to modernizing and increasing the efficiency of the energy supply in Germany.

Special requirements for larger systems

Extended requirements apply to systems with a feed-in power of over 270 kW. These systems require a comprehensive system certificate that proves the technical suitability of the entire system. Operators of such systems must ensure that:

• All unit certificates of the components (e.g. inverter, battery storage) are stored in the ZEREZ.
• There is also a system certificate that includes the feed-in power and other technical details.

Important information for private system operators

Private operators of photovoltaic systems, which are usually operated in the low-voltage network, should pay particular attention to the following points:

1. Registration by the installer: It is usually the responsibility of the installer or manufacturer to take the necessary steps for ZEREZ registration. Operators should clarify this in advance.
2. Inverter testing: The inverter is the central element that must be registered in the ZEREZ. Operators can check the registration themselves via the ZEREZ database.
3. Early planning: To avoid delays in connecting to the grid, it is advisable to clear the registration before installation.

How to check the registration of an inverter in ZEREZ?

Checking whether an inverter is correctly registered in ZEREZ is a simple process that can be carried out online. To do this, proceed as follows:

1. Access to the ZEREZ registry

• Visit the official ZEREZ website at https://zerez.net .
• Basic information can be viewed without registering.

2. Use the search function

• Enter the manufacturer and model of your inverter in the search mask.
• The database shows you whether the inverter is registered and which certificates are available.

3. Fix problems

• If your inverter is not registered, contact the manufacturer or your installer.
• For new installations, ensure that only registered components are used.

Which systems and components require ZEREZ certificates?

The ZEREZ obligation affects a large number of power generation systems and their components. Here is an overview:

1. Systems in the low-voltage network

• Typical private photovoltaic systems for personal use.
• Typically only a unit certificate is required for the inverter.

2. Systems in the medium, high and extra-high voltage network

• Larger systems require additional certificates for individual components.
• System certificates are required for feed-in power over 270 kW.

3. Performance limits

• Systems with a total output of up to 500 kW and a maximum feed-in power of 270 kW do not require a system certificate. A simple proof is sufficient, which can mainly be provided through certificates from the manufacturers for units and components.
• Systems above these performance limits must be comprehensively certified.

4. Additional components

• Battery storage systems.
• Combined heat and power plants and other power generation systems.

Advantages of the ZEREZ obligation for operators and network operators

The introduction of ZEREZ brings numerous benefits, including:

• Time savings: Digital recording significantly speeds up the grid connection process.
• Improved communication: Network operators can access relevant information and make decisions more quickly.
• Increased reliability: Faulty or inadequately certified systems are detected early, which improves network security.

At a time when a company's digital presence determines its success, the challenge is how to make this presence authentic, individual and far-reaching. Xpert.Digital offers an innovative solution that positions itself as an intersection between an industry hub, a blog and a brand ambassador. It combines the advantages of communication and sales channels in a single platform and enables publication in 18 different languages. The cooperation with partner portals and the possibility of publishing articles on Google News and a press distribution list with around 8,000 journalists and readers maximize the reach and visibility of the content. This represents an essential factor in external sales & marketing (SMarketing).

More about it here:

• Authentic. Individually. Global: The Xpert.Digital strategy for your company

What does the term “ZEREZ obligation” mean and why is it relevant for photovoltaic systems?

The term “ZEREZ obligation” refers to the requirement that all photovoltaic systems (PV systems for short) and other electricity generation systems be recorded in a central register called ZEREZ (“Central Register for Unit and Component Certificates”) from February 1, 2025 must be. This is accompanied by the obligation to upload all necessary certificates for systems and their components. This particularly applies to the inverter for private individuals as well as additional system components for larger PV projects. This registration allows network operators to check more quickly and reliably whether a system is functioning properly and in compliance with current regulations. In this way, network security is increased and the process of connecting to the network is simplified.

Why are photovoltaic systems becoming more and more important in the wake of the energy transition?

Photovoltaics is a key technology for sustainable energy supply because it produces emission-free electricity using sunlight. Over the years, PV modules have become more efficient and cheaper, which has greatly accelerated their spread. In view of the efforts to increase the proportion of renewable energies and reduce CO₂ emissions, more and more homes and companies have installed photovoltaic systems. However, this development also requires appropriate regulations in order not to endanger network stability and to improve the interaction between electricity generation, network operators and consumers. For this reason, there are legal regulations such as the ZEREZ obligation, which are intended to promote transparency and reliability throughout the energy system.

What exactly is ZEREZ and how does this registry work?

ZEREZ stands for “Central Register for Unit and Component Certificates” and represents a large, nationwide database. Certificates from power generation systems and their components, such as inverters, battery storage or transformers, are recorded centrally here. Operators must have all required certificates entered in ZEREZ. Based on these entries, network operators can check in a very targeted manner whether a planned PV system meets the relevant safety standards and technical specifications. The information in the register is managed digitally and provided centrally. This makes the grid connection process easier, shortens possible queries and increases the security of the entire power grid.

What are the goals of introducing ZEREZ?

The ZEREZ launch serves multiple purposes. Firstly, “the security and reliability of the power grid should be increased” by only allowing systems whose components are certified and stored in the ZEREZ to be fed into the public grid. Secondly, “the grid connection process is standardized and accelerated” because the necessary documents are stored centrally and can be viewed directly by grid operators. Thirdly, there is more transparency, both for operators of PV systems as well as for manufacturers and network operators. These structured processes lay an important building block for the further growth of renewable energies.

What specific obligations will arise for operators of PV systems from February 1, 2025?

As of February 1, 2025, operators of photovoltaic systems must ensure that all essential certificates for their system - for example the unit certificate for the inverter - are deposited in the ZEREZ. The law also requires system operators to provide the network operator with their ZEREZ registration number. Without this entry or registration number, the photovoltaic system may not be connected to the grid. Even systems that have been in operation for a long time must be subsequently recorded in the register if this has not already been done. Private operators in the low-voltage sector in particular should check early on whether their documents are complete and whether the inverter they are using is correctly registered.

What are the consequences if one ignores the ZEREZ obligation?

Operators who do not deposit their system in ZEREZ on time must expect significant consequences. The network operator can refuse to connect a new or already running system if all certificates are not available. This sometimes leads to loss of income if the PV system is not allowed to feed into the grid. A system that is already connected but not properly registered may even be temporarily removed from the network. For this reason, it is advisable to ensure compliance with ZEREZ regulations at an early stage. This is the only way to ensure smooth system operation and avoid economic damage.

What types of investments are subject to this registration requirement?

Basically, all types of power generation systems are affected. This includes photovoltaic systems on homes as well as larger solar parks or commercial systems. The regulations also cover systems that feed into medium, high or extra-high voltage networks. In addition, the registration requirement applies to other renewable and conventional types of generation, such as combined heat and power plants (CHP) or battery storage. It is important that every component that is significantly relevant to the operation and security of the power grid is stored in the ZEREZ. This applies to both the unit certificate of the inverter and - depending on the size of the system - comprehensive system certificates and evidence for transformers or other technical equipment.

What distinguishes unit certificates from asset certificates?

Unit certificates usually refer to individual components, such as the inverter of a PV system. This certifies that this individual component complies with certain standards and technical guidelines. Plant certificates, on the other hand, are required especially for larger projects. They cover the entire system including all connected components and confirm their proper interaction. With a feed-in power of over 270 kW, but a maximum of 500 kW installed power, a comprehensive system certificate is required in many cases. For smaller private PV systems, however, a unit certificate is usually sufficient.

What role do battery storage systems play in this context?

Battery storage systems are becoming increasingly popular because they can temporarily store excess solar power and release it when needed. This not only improves the self-consumption rate, but also contributes to network stability. From February 1, 2025, such storage systems must also meet the applicable certification guidelines and be entered into ZEREZ. The background is that improper or technically inadequate storage could affect network security. Operators should therefore ensure that the storage they choose has the necessary certificates and is registered in a timely manner.

How can operators check whether their inverter is already registered in ZEREZ?

The easiest way to find out zerez.net There is a search function where you enter the manufacturer and the specific model of the inverter. If the device is listed there, a ZEREZ ID is displayed. If you can't find an entry, you can contact the manufacturer or its installer and ask about the registration process. It is also possible that older documents need to be updated or an entry is still being processed. If you are still in the planning phase, it is advisable to only select those inverters that are already in the register.

How does ZEREZ make the grid connection process easier?

By storing certificates centrally in ZEREZ, network operators no longer have to laboriously request individual documents from each operator or conduct long correspondence. Instead, they can see directly online whether the components used by a particular manufacturer comply with common standards. This saves time and speeds up the test. At the same time, it gives the system operator clear guidance as to which documents must be available. This is particularly helpful when several components (e.g. inverters, battery storage and other technical components) work together, as ZEREZ offers a uniform assessment basis.

What steps should new system operators take into account when planning?

Anyone planning a new PV system should deal with the requirements for certificates and ZEREZ registration at an early stage. The following steps are helpful:

1. Create a system concept: Define the size and performance of the planned system with regard to your own needs or possible feed-in.
2. Select a specialist company: Hire installers who already have experience with ZEREZ and the associated certifications.
3. Select components: When it comes to inverters and battery storage, choose models that are easy to register and are already ZEREZ-compliant.
4. Inform the network operator: Contact the local network operator early and clarify the registration process.
5. Check documentation: Ensure that all certificates for the registry are available.
6. Scheduling: Arrange registration in the ZEREZ in good time so that there are no delays in connecting to the grid.

Does this registration requirement also apply to existing PV systems?

The registration requirement only applies to existing electricity generation plants in certain cases:

For major changes

• If a power generation system (type C or D) is modernized or changed to such an extent that the grid connection contract must be fundamentally revised.

By decision of an authority

An authority may specify that an existing facility must comply with all or certain of the requirements of the regulation. This happens e.g. B. if the network operator makes suggestions to take changed network requirements (such as more renewable energy) into account.

More about it here:

• The Ordinance on the Evidence of Electrotechnical Properties of Energy Systems (NELEV) states: This Ordinance only applies to generation systems that are already connected to an electricity supply network at the time this Ordinance comes into force under the conditions of Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2016/ 631 apply.
• Article 4: Existing electricity generating installations are only subject to the requirements of this Regulation in certain cases.

What challenges can arise when switching to ZEREZ?

A possible hurdle is obtaining missing certificates. In older systems, it is not always guaranteed that all components correspond to the current state of the art. If relevant documents are missing, you may have to research the manufacturer or installer. Another point concerns the coordination between various parties involved: network operators, installers, manufacturers and system operators must work closely together to ensure that everything runs smoothly. But once this process is established, all sites benefit from faster and more efficient registration.

What advantages do private operators have from the ZEREZ obligation?

At first glance, the ZEREZ requirement seems like an additional bureaucratic requirement. Nevertheless, there are tangible advantages for private operators:

1. Faster grid connection: Since all the required information is available in a central database, the grid connection can be checked and approved more quickly.
2. Greater security: Only certified devices can be found in the register. This reduces risks caused by poor technology or improper operation.
3. Simplified documentation: All relevant documents are stored centrally, which can be useful in the event of maintenance, damage or system modifications.
4. Future security: Anyone who operates their system in accordance with the ZEREZ specifications meets the requirements of current and likely future regulations as part of the energy transition.

What benefits does the energy industry as a whole derive from ZEREZ?

For the energy industry, ZEREZ offers, above all, planning security and increased efficiency. Network operators receive an improved data basis, can plan their networks more precisely and coordinate the ever-growing proportion of decentralized generation systems. With a view to the future, in which electrical energy will be produced and consumed more regionally, such a register makes it possible to map complex feed-in structures. An increasing number of private individuals and companies can be integrated into the power grid without sacrificing security and stability. This promotes the growth of renewable energies and facilitates sector coupling, for example in the areas of heat or e-mobility.

What happens if the technical situation of a system changes, for example due to the replacement of an inverter?

In this case, the newly installed inverter must be registered again in ZEREZ if it is not already listed. Any component change that affects the operation of the system therefore requires updated proof. This ensures that it is always clear which device types are in use and that the components comply with legal standards. The advantage is that a one-time registration per model is sufficient. If the inverter manufacturer is already listed, you can specifically call up the appropriate entry and have the serial number of the new unit added.

Why are larger systems in particular affected by more comprehensive certificates?

Larger systems with high feed-in power have a greater influence on the power grid than smaller ones. Therefore, the legal regulations stipulate that systems with a feed-in power of over 270 kW require a comprehensive system certificate. This certificate takes into account the entire complex of modules, inverters, switching and protective devices and, if necessary, transformers. This is intended to ensure that the interaction of all components remains stable and safe even under higher loads. In contrast, for smaller systems, the unit certificate is usually sufficient, as their influence on network stability is more manageable.

To what extent are combined heat and power plants and other generation plants affected by the ZEREZ obligation?

Combined heat and power plants (CHP) and other types of power plants, such as wind turbines or biogas plants, must also comply with the requirements of the ZEREZ obligation. If they feed electricity into the public grid, the same obligations apply to them with regard to certification and entries in the register. Since CHPs often produce both heat and electricity, it is also important to check which technical and safety-related requirements they must meet. In this context, the register ensures uniform standards, regardless of the technology used.

How will the transition to the deadline of February 1, 2025 work?

Officially, from February 1, 2025, all new systems that go online must meet the ZEREZ requirements. This creates an obligation to catch up for operators of older systems that are not yet registered. It may be that network operators initially allow a transition period in order to distribute the high processing effort, but all owners of power generation systems should act promptly. Anyone who ignores the regulations risks shutdowns or at least temporary shutdowns. It is therefore advisable to get the necessary documents and certificates before this date.

To what extent does the ZEREZ obligation contribute to the modernization and digitalization of the energy sector?

The introduction of a central, fully digital register is an essential building block for the modernization of the energy world. Instead of having paper documents and scattered data sets in different authorities or manufacturers, ZEREZ bundles all information in one place. This accelerates the grid integration of PV systems and other electricity producers. Operators, manufacturers and network operators communicate more effectively because they have access to the same data sets. In the long term, this system can certainly be expanded to better incorporate intelligent controls, networking with smart grid concepts and future technologies.

Why does it make sense to also pay attention to future technologies such as smart meter gateways or charging stations?

The energy sector is facing dynamic development in which many new building blocks will become relevant. Smart meter gateways enable precise measurement and control of electricity demand. Charging stations for electric vehicles create additional electricity demand and may need to be coordinated with the home network or other generation sources. If these new components are also certified and documented in the same data register, a comprehensive picture of the energy system is created. This makes safe handling easier for both network operators and end users and ensures that all units are compatible with each other and connected stably.

What practical tips are there for owners of smaller PV systems in their own homes?

Anyone who operates or is planning their own small roof system should pay particular attention to the following points:

1. Current documents: Carefully keep all certificates for the inverter and possible storage systems.
2. Manufacturer support: If there are any uncertainties or documents are missing, contact the manufacturer, as they can usually provide documents in digital form.
3. Involve a specialist company: Many craft businesses provide support with ZEREZ registration or take over the task.
4. Keep an eye on deadlines: All entries should be completed by February 1, 2025 at the latest.
5. Choose reliable components: Manufacturers whose products are already ZEREZ-listed usually offer greater planning security.

Why do manufacturers also benefit from the ZEREZ obligation?

Manufacturers who successfully list their products in ZEREZ secure a competitive advantage. Operators and installers rely on certified components to guarantee a smooth network connection. Products that are not listed or require a certification procedure that is too complicated may lose their appeal. The clearly defined guidelines and the central register also promote product quality, as manufacturers must provide valid certificates for their entire model series. This helps increase the reliability and competitiveness of the industry as a whole.

What can be learned from the ZEREZ obligation for the further development of renewable energies?

The ZEREZ obligation shows how important clear framework conditions, transparency and standardization are for the smooth growth of renewable energies. Anyone who introduces new technologies in the future, for example in the form of intelligent storage systems, cross-sector solutions or advanced measurement and control devices, can take the experience with ZEREZ as a guide. A central register facilitates market access for new products, speeds up approvals and creates reliable standards that could be applied both in Germany and potentially across Europe. The ZEREZ requirement could serve as a model for further digital solutions in other energy sectors.

What does a proven process look like to optimally prepare for the deadline of February 1, 2025?

Anyone who already operates a PV system or is planning to build one can organize themselves as follows:

1. Inventory: View current documents and certificates and check for completeness.
2. Contact the installer: Ask the specialist company whether they can take care of the registration and what evidence is required.
3. Obtain manufacturer information: If something is missing, the manufacturer can often be contacted directly for updates.
4. Inform network operators: Clarify which additional documents the network operator requires or in what form the ZEREZ registration number must be communicated.
5. Meet deadlines: Make sure you don't start listing at the last minute so that any problems can be resolved before the deadline.
6. Future planning: For planned expansions (e.g. battery storage, e-charging station), check as a precautionary measure which certificates are necessary.

What role does politics play in the introduction of ZEREZ?

Politicians have recognized that the expansion of renewable energies requires a clear and reliable framework. The introduction of ZEREZ creates binding standards and norms that make the work of network operators easier and serve as guidance for operators. Such policy measures ensure that the electricity grid remains protected from unnecessary risks and increases acceptance of solar power and other renewable technologies. By issuing binding regulations, we are driving forward the expansion of renewable energies and at the same time ensuring that this expansion takes place in an orderly and regulated manner.

How does the ZEREZ system support operators in the event of maintenance work or damage?

If the system or one of its components is correctly registered in ZEREZ, all relevant data is available centrally in digital form. During repairs or maintenance work, the responsible specialist can see at a glance which components were originally installed and which standards must be adhered to. This significantly simplifies the search for compatible spare parts and reduces system downtime. The insurance check can also be accelerated when settling a claim because it can quickly be proven which certified components were installed and whether all safety requirements were met.

Is the ZEREZ requirement just a bureaucratic obstacle or does it also have long-term benefits?

The ZEREZ obligation can actually seem like a bureaucratic hurdle at the beginning, as operators have to take care of registrations when previously only a simple grid connection application was sufficient. In the long term, however, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages because standardized processes and transparent certifications make the entire system more reliable and efficient. A kind of quality control is being created for the growing market for renewable energies. This creates the basis for integrating new technologies more quickly, designing network expansion plans more precisely and driving forward the energy transition even more consistently.

What prospects are there for the near future once the ZEREZ obligation has been fully implemented?

As soon as the ZEREZ obligation is fully in force and all affected systems are registered, a comprehensive database of the entire decentralized power generation park will be available. This will allow the power grid to be regulated more efficiently and controlled when necessary. In addition, future innovations, such as artificial intelligence in load management or automated control reserves, could be implemented more easily because the data quality is higher and more accessible. In a networked world of energy production and use, it is essential that all components work together smoothly. This is exactly why ZEREZ creates the necessary infrastructure and transparency.

Finally, what should operators do to prepare their PV system for the ZEREZ obligation?

What is particularly important is obtaining information early and working with trustworthy experts. Operators should look at the existing inventory of documents and contact their network operator, installer or manufacturer now. This allows you to clarify whether all the required certificates are available or whether something still needs to be delivered later. Anyone planning a new installation is well advised to only use products whose ZEREZ conformity has already been proven. This advantage ensures that your own contribution to the energy transition is not slowed down by formal hurdles and at the same time ensures trouble-free operation in the long term.

Does the ZEREZ requirement also apply to balcony power plants?

Yes, the ZEREZ obligation also applies to balcony power plants.

For which types of systems is ZEREZ mandatory?

• Photovoltaic systems: Both private and commercial systems must be registered in ZEREZ.
• Wind turbines: Wind turbines also fall under the ZEREZ obligation.
• Battery storage systems: Registration is also required for energy storage systems.
• Combined heat and power plants (CHP): CHP and other conventional generation systems must also be recorded in the ZEREZ.
• Other power generation plants: This includes, for example, hydroelectric power plants and biogas plants.

☑️ SME support in strategy, consulting, planning and implementation

☑️ Creation or realignment of the digital strategy and digitalization

☑️ Expansion and optimization of international sales processes

☑️ Global & Digital B2B trading platforms

☑️ Pioneer Business Development

 

I would be happy to serve as your personal advisor.

You can contact me by filling out the contact form below or simply call me on +49 89 89 674 804 (Munich) .

I'm looking forward to our joint project.

 

 

Xpert.Digital is a hub for industry with a focus on digitalization, mechanical engineering, logistics/intralogistics and photovoltaics.

With our 360° business development solution, we support well-known companies from new business to after sales.

Market intelligence, smarketing, marketing automation, content development, PR, mail campaigns, personalized social media and lead nurturing are part of our digital tools.

You can find out more at: www.xpert.digital - www.xpert.solar - www.xpert.plus