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Photovoltaic Library (PDF) – Image: Xpert.Digital / Benvenuto Cellini|Shutterstock.com

Large PDF library: Market monitoring and market intelligence on the topic of photovoltaics.

Data is reviewed and its relevance assessed at regular intervals. This usually yields a number of interesting pieces of information and documentation, which we summarize in a PDF presentation: our own data analyses and marketing intelligence, as well as external market observations.

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• Overview of Photovoltaics/Solar Library & Interesting Facts as PDFs for download

Electricity generation in Germany – Image: Xpert.Digital

In 2020, 566 terawatt-hours of electricity were generated in Germany. This is the total electricity generated by public power plants, industrial facilities, and private operators in Germany. Approximately 219 million tons of CO2 were emitted during electricity generation in Germany (2019).

Electricity generation by energy source

While coal and nuclear power were among the main energy sources in Germany in 2000, the share of these two so-called fossil fuels in gross electricity generation has decreased significantly. The opposite trend can be seen when looking at renewable energies. Their share has increased considerably over the past 30 years, so that today over a third of gross electricity is generated from renewable sources.

Electricity generation from renewable energies

When considering renewable energies, wind power generates by far the most electricity in this country. Onshore wind turbines, in particular, account for a large share of renewable energy electricity production. Photovoltaics and biomass each produce approximately one-fifth of the electricity from renewable energy sources.

Gross electricity generation in Germany from 1991 to 2020 (in terawatt hours)

• 1991 – 537 terawatt hours
• 1992 – 534 terawatt hours
• 1993 – 523 terawatt hours
• 1994 – 524 terawatt hours
• 1995 – 531 terawatt hours
• 1996 – 547 terawatt hours
• 1997 – 548 terawatt hours
• 1998 – 552 terawatt hours
• 1999 – 552 terawatt hours
• 2000 – 572 terawatt hours
• 2001 – 582 terawatt hours
• 2002 – 582 terawatt hours
• 2003 – 604 terawatt hours
• 2004 – 612 terawatt hours
• 2005 – 616 terawatt hours
• 2006 – 633 terawatt hours
• 2007 – 634 terawatt hours
• 2008 – 635 terawatt hours
• 2009 – 590 terawatt hours
• 2010 – 627 terawatt hours
• 2011 – 607 terawatt hours
• 2012 – 623 terawatt hours
• 2013 – 632 terawatt hours
• 2014 – 620 terawatt hours
• 2015 – 640 terawatt hours
• 2016 – 643 terawatt hours
• 2017 – 645 terawatt hours
• 2018 – 635 terawatt hours
• 2019 – 603 terawatt hours
• 2020 – 566 terawatt hours

CO2 emissions from electricity generation in Germany – Image: Xpert.Digital

The statistic shows the level of carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation in Germany from 1990 to 2020. In 2020, CO2 emissions from electricity generation in Germany were estimated at 187 million tons.

¹ Preliminary data. ² Estimate by the German Environment Agency. According to the source, the data represents calculations by the German Environment Agency based on the German greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2019.

Amount of CO2 emissions from electricity generation in Germany from 1990 to 2020 (in million tons)

• 1990 – 366 million tons
• 1991 – 361 million tons
• 1992 – 345 million tons
• 1993 – 335 million tons
• 1994 – 335 million tons
• 1995 – 335 million tons
• 1996 – 336 million tons
• 1997 – 325 million tons
• 1998 – 329 million tons
• 1999 – 318 million tons
• 2000 – 327 million tons
• 2001 – 336 million tons
• 2002 – 338 million tons
• 2003 – 340 million tons
• 2004 – 333 million tons
• 2005 – 333 million tons
• 2006 – 339 million tons
• 2007 – 351 million tons
• 2008 – 329 million tons
• 2009 – 300 million tons
• 2010 – 314 million tons
• 2011 – 310 million tons
• 2012 – 321 million tons
• 2013 – 326 million tons
• 2014 – 312 million tons
• 2015 – 304 million tons
• 2016 – 304 million tons
• 2017 – 283 million tons
• 2018 – 270 million tons
• 2019 – 222 million tons
• 2020 – 187 million tons

Distribution of electricity consumption in Germany by consumer group – Image: Xpert.Digital

The largest electricity consumer in Germany in 2020 was industry. This consumer group used almost half of the electricity – equivalent to approximately 217 terawatt hours. The "commerce, trade, and services" and "households" groups each consumed around a quarter of the total electricity in Germany.

Electricity prices for industry and households

Electricity prices for industry, including electricity tax, have risen steadily in recent years. The same has been true for electricity prices for households. Even though prices from suppliers other than the default supplier are lower each year, both groups of suppliers increase their electricity prices annually.

Largest electricity consumers in comparison

China was recently by far the largest electricity consumer worldwide, followed by the USA. In Europe, the Scandinavian countries were among the largest consumers in terms of per capita electricity consumption. Norwegians consumed more than three times as much electricity as Germans.

Distribution of electricity consumption in Germany by consumer group in 2020

• Industry – 45%
• Commerce, trade, services – 27%
• Households – 26%
• Traffic – 2%

Renewable energies – Top countries by share of global consumption – Image: Xpert.Digital

This statistic shows the share of the top 15 countries in global renewable energy consumption in 2019 and 2020. The data is based on gross energy generation from renewable sources such as geothermal, wind, and solar power, as well as biomass and biowaste. Cross-border electricity deliveries were not included. The conversion was based on heat equivalent, using a conversion efficiency of 38 percent for a modern combined heat and power plant. Italy's share of global consumption in 2020 amounted to approximately 2.1 percent.

Top countries by share of global renewable energy consumption in 2020

China – 24.6%
USA – 19.4%
Germany – 7%
Brazil – 6.3%
India – 4.5%
United Kingdom – 3.8%
Japan – 3.6%
Spain – 2.4%
Italy – 2.1%
France – 2.1%
Canada – 1.7%
Turkey – 1.4%
Australia – 1.4%
Sweden – 1.3%
Indonesia – 1.2%
South Korea – 1.1%
Mexico – 1.1%

Top countries by share of global renewable energy consumption in 2019

China – 26.1%
USA – 17.5%
Germany – 8%
Brazil – 4.2%
India – 4.8%
United Kingdom – 4%
Japan – 4.3%
Spain – 2.8%
Italy – 2.4%
France – 2%
Canada – 1.8%
Turkey – 1.6%
Australia – 1.5%
Sweden – 1.2%
Indonesia – 1.4%
South Korea – 1%
Mexico – 1.3%

Electric car, charging station and charging points – Image: Petair|Shutterstock.com

According to the Federal Network Agency, over 2,200 new charging stations for electric cars were put into operation in Germany by June 2021. This puts the expansion rate roughly on par with the previous year. The record year to date is 2019, with over 5,000 new charging stations. This is unlikely to be fast enough for Frans Timmermans' ambitious plans. If the EU Commissioner for Climate Action has his way, combustion engines will be phased out by 2035. However, this would require a massive expansion of the charging infrastructure. According to a report by tagesschau.de, there should be three million charging stations in Europe by 2030. Currently, there are fewer than 225,000, of which around 21,000 are in Germany.

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• Charging stations for electric cars

Testing of electromobility – Image: Rido|Shutterstock.com

The path to an industrial society committed to sustainability and aware of its responsibility towards future generations leads to a future without nuclear energy. A key element is the expansion of renewable energies. New technologies for energy generation and production, as well as for emission-free transportation, are becoming increasingly important. The promotion of these technologies is progressing steadily. Virtual power plants are already connecting a wide variety of energy producers and consumers.

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• How is the safety of electric cars tested?

More jobs with climate protection as an economic factor – Image: Xpert.Digital – myboys.me|Shutterstock.com

In 2019, companies in the manufacturing and service sectors in Germany generated €73.6 billion in revenue from goods, construction, and services related to environmental protection. According to the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), this represents a 3.1% increase in revenue for the environmental protection sector compared to 2018. The number of people employed in the production of these environmental goods and services was 305,000 (measured in full-time equivalents). The number of "green jobs" thus rose by 5.4% compared to the previous year. Environmental protection is therefore also an important factor for the labor market.

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• Annual percentage change in electricity generation in the following countries, 2019-2020

Conventional and renewable energy sources – Image: Imichman|Shutterstock.com

In the first quarter of 2021, 138.2 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity were generated and fed into the grid in Germany. According to preliminary results from the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), this was 2.6% less than in the first quarter of 2020. While the majority of electricity in the first quarter of 2020 came from renewable energy sources (51.4%), 59.3% of electricity in the first quarter of 2021 was generated from conventional energy sources. Compared to the same quarter of the previous year, electricity fed into the grid from conventional energy sources increased by 18.9%. In contrast, electricity fed into the grid from renewable energy sources decreased by 23.0%.

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• Electricity generation using wind power and coal?